When it comes to vulvar health, early intervention is key. Many conditions that affect the vulva can be effectively managed with the expertise of Dr. Raouf Farag, our experienced gynaecologist. Untreated or recurring vulvar disorders can lead to significant challenges, including depression, anxiety, and sexual difficulties. At Coastal Women’s Health, we’re dedicated to helping women on the Central Coast overcome these conditions and regain their quality of life with compassionate care and tailored treatment plans.
What is the vulva?
The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia, playing a crucial role in both reproductive and urinary systems. It encompasses several components, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethra, and vaginal opening. Understanding the anatomy of the vulva is essential for recognising and addressing various vulval disorders.
Symptoms
Vulval disorders can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Symptoms can vary widely but often include:
- Itching or burning sensations
- Pain during intercourse
- Swelling or redness
- Unusual discharge
- Skin changes, such as rashes or lesions
Common Vulval Disorders
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is characterised by chronic pain in the vulva lasting at least three months without an identifiable cause. The pain can vary in intensity and may feel like burning, stinging, or sharp discomfort. It can be classified into two types:
- Localised Provoked Vulvodynia (LPV): Pain occurs upon touch or pressure, particularly around the vaginal opening (vestibule). Activities such as tampon insertion or sexual intercourse may trigger discomfort.
- Generalised Vulvodynia (SGV): Pain is more widespread and may not be linked to specific triggers. Symptoms can include burning sensations, prickling, or dryness in the vulval area.
Causes: The exact cause remains unclear but may involve nerve injury, inflammation, hormonal changes, or muscle spasms in the pelvic floor. Psychological factors such as stress and past trauma can also contribute.
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can lead to white patches on the vulva, causing itching, discomfort, and pain. It can affect women of all ages but is more common in postmenopausal women.
Common symptoms include severe itching, pain during intercourse, and skin changes that may appear shiny or scar-like.
Causes: The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be related to autoimmune disorders and hormonal changes.
Vulvar Infections
Vulvar infections, including yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis and genital herpes, can lead to irritation, itching, and abnormal discharge. These can vary in colour and odour depending on the type of infection.
Causes: Infections can result from an imbalance in vaginal flora, poor hygiene, or irritants such as soaps and detergents. Maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding irritants can help prevent recurrence.
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction that can occur due to exposure to irritants or allergens, such as soaps, detergents, or personal care products.
Symptoms typically include redness, itching, and swelling in the affected area.
Causes: This condition arises from direct contact with irritants or allergens, leading to inflammation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Dr. Farag at Coastal Women’s Health emphasises a thorough evaluation for accurate diagnosis of vulval disorders. This may include a physical examination, medical history review, and, if necessary, swab tests or a biopsy.
Treatment options depend on the specific disorder and may include:
- Topical treatments: Creams or ointments to alleviate symptoms.
- Medications: Oral medications for infections or chronic pain.
- Lifestyle changes: Recommendations for gentle hygiene practices and avoidance of irritants.
- Pelvic floor exercises: Also known as Kegel exercises, these can strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, helping to alleviate pain and improve overall pelvic health.
- Counselling: For those experiencing psychological distress due to chronic pain or discomfort.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical options like vestibulectomy may be considered if other treatments fail.
Caring for Your Vulva
- Gentle cleansing: Use mild, unscented soap and warm water. Avoid douching or using harsh products.
- Wear breathable fabrics: Cotton underwear can help reduce moisture and irritation.
- Stay dry: Change out of wet clothing promptly and avoid prolonged exposure to moisture.
- Regular check-ups: Schedule routine gynaecological exams to monitor vulval health.
At Coastal Women’s Health, we understand the importance of addressing vulval conditions promptly and effectively. While many of these conditions are quite common, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can significantly improve quality of life and help manage symptoms effectively.
If you have any concerns regarding vulval disorders or would like to learn more about pelvic floor health, please don’t hesitate to reach out to the team at Coastal Women’s Health.
Want to learn more? Click here for an insightful fact sheet from Jean Hailes.