Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition affecting many women, yet it often goes unspoken due to embarrassment or misunderstanding. POP is highly treatable, especially when identified early. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking timely care can significantly improve comfort, function, and long‑term quality of life.
What Is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and connective tissues of the pelvic floor weaken, allowing one or more pelvic organs to shift from their normal position. These organs may include:
- Bladder (anterior prolapse or cystocele)
- Uterus (uterine prolapse)
- Rectum (posterior prolapse or rectocele)
The pelvic floor acts like a supportive “hammock.” When this support weakens, the organs may descend and press into the vaginal walls.
Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Cystocele: Bladder bulging into the vaginal wall
- Rectocele: Rectum bulging into the vagina
- Uterine Prolapse: Descent of the uterus
- Vaginal Vault Prolapse: Occurs after hysterectomy when the top of the vagina loses support
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms vary depending on severity and type of prolapse. Common signs include:
- A sensation of heaviness, pressure, or dragging in the pelvis
- A visible or palpable bulge in the vagina
- Difficulty inserting tampons
- Urinary leakage, urgency, or incomplete emptying
- Constipation or difficulty with bowel movements
- Lower back discomfort
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse
- Symptoms often worsen after prolonged standing, lifting, or physical activity.
Causes & Risk Factors
Pelvic organ prolapse typically develops gradually and may be influenced by:
1. Pregnancy & Childbirth
- Vaginal delivery—especially multiple births, prolonged labor, or delivering a large baby—can stretch and weaken pelvic tissues.
2. Ageing & Menopause
- Reduced estrogen levels decrease connective tissue strength.
3. Chronic Pressure on the Pelvic Floor
- Persistent coughing
- Chronic constipation
- Frequent heavy lifting
4. Obesity
- Excess weight increases pressure on pelvic structures.
5. Genetics
- Some women naturally have weaker connective tissue, increasing susceptibility.
How Is Pelvic Organ Prolapse Diagnosed?
- Diagnosis usually involves:
- A detailed medical and symptom history
- A pelvic examination
- Assessment of prolapse severity
- Ultrasound or MRI in complex cases
Treatment Options
Management depends on the severity of symptoms, lifestyle factors, and personal preference.
Non‑Surgical Treatments
Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy Strengthens pelvic muscles and improves support.
Pessary Devices A removable device inserted into the vagina to support pelvic organs.
EMSELLA Chair (Electromagnetic Pelvic Floor Therapy) A non‑invasive treatment that uses electromagnetic stimulation to strengthen pelvic floor muscles—ideal for women seeking conservative management.
Surgical Treatments
Surgery may be recommended for moderate to severe prolapse or when conservative measures are ineffective. Options include:
- Vaginal repair procedures
- Laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery
- Robotic‑assisted surgery
The goal is to restore normal anatomy and improve function.
When Should You See a Specialist?
Seek medical assessment if:
- You notice a bulge or pressure
- Symptoms interfere with daily activities
- You experience urinary or bowel difficulties
Early evaluation can prevent progression and improve outcomes.
Lifestyle Tips to Reduce Progression
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid heavy lifting
- Manage chronic cough or constipation
- Perform regular pelvic floor exercises
If you are experiencing symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, early assessment is key. Book a consultation with Dr Farag at Coastal Women’s Health for a personalized evaluation and treatment plan tailored to your needs.